5.1 Cardiovascular Introduction
Open Resources for Nursing (Open RN)
Learning Objectives
- Apply principles of evidence-based practice when using the nursing process
- Identify the roles and responsibilities of the nurse in caring for the client with cardiovascular disorders
- Explain the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders
- Identify life span considerations of the client
- Apply principles of client-centered care when considering diversity of the client
- Recognize the value of therapeutic communication in caring for the client with cardiovascular disorders
- Consider use of common pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures for the client with cardiovascular disorders
- Interpret common laboratory and diagnostic tests
- Contribute to the plan of nursing care for clients with alterations in the cardiovascular system
“Cardiovascular PreTest” by Kellea Ewen and Open RN is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and a complex network of arteries and veins to transport oxygenated and deoxygenated blood throughout the body. The heart serves as the main pumping mechanism to transport oxygenated blood throughout the body and deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The healthy functioning of the cardiovascular system is foundational to the health of all other body systems because the transportation of oxygen directly impacts the cellular functioning of all tissues and organs. If oxygenated blood is not delivered to cells, they cease functioning and begin to die. The cardiovascular system also transports blood to the kidneys and liver where the blood is filtered, and wastes are removed.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to diseases affecting the heart or blood vessels. CVD accounts for over 19 million deaths annually throughout the world and is the leading cause of death.[1],[2] Health care systems continuously strategize to treat and prevent cardiovascular alterations, and billions of health care dollars are spent on medications, diagnostics treatments, and medical interventions. Yet, some risk factors related to the development of cardiovascular disease remain aligned to lifestyle choices such as smoking, physical activity, and diet.[3] Nurses play a critical role in effective health teaching to help prevent CVD.
This chapter will explore cardiovascular alterations and the interplay of medical interventions and holistic approaches to promoting cardiovascular health and optimal quality of life for those diagnosed with a cardiovascular disease.
- American Heart Association. (2022, July 26). 2022 heart disease & stroke statistical update fact sheet. https://professional.heart.org/-/media/PHD-Files-2/Science-News/2/2022-Heart-and-Stroke-Stat-Update/2022-Stat-Update-factsheet-GIobal-Burden-of-Disease.pdf ↵
- World Health Organization. (2023). Cardiovascular diseases. https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1 ↵
- World Health Organization. (2023). Cardiovascular diseases. https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1 ↵
Sara is a new graduate nurse orienting on the medical floor at a large teaching hospital. She has been working on the floor for two weeks and notices that many of the nurses provide shift handoff reports to one another outside of the patient rooms. Sara asks her preceptor why the nurses stand and report patient care information in the hallway. Her preceptor responds that this is the standard way staff can meet the agency guidelines for beside handoff reporting without "disturbing" patients while they are resting. Sara has concerns about this action on many levels. What legal repercussions might this "hallway reporting" have?
Sara is smart to identify that discussing patient care information in a hallway outside of patient rooms may jeopardize patient HIPAA protections and confidentiality. Sensitive patient information should never be discussed freely where others may overhear care information and details. Additionally, the act of bedside handoff reporting is meant to provide an inclusive environment for patients to participate with care staff in the report and information exchange. Discussing report details outside of the patient room does not actively include the patient in the bedside reporting procedure.
